David Baker, FAIA, LEED AP, has forged an illustrious career designing stylish and practical market-rate and affordable urban housing, primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as in Baltimore, Denver, Charleston, S.C., and (coming soon) Seattle.Â
Witty, urbane, opinionated, and equipped with a rapid-fire patter, the 67-year-old, whose San Franciscoâbased firm David Baker Architects (DBA) celebrates its 35th anniversary this year, has hewn to a design philosophy that prioritizes the social and financial concerns of the communities in which the firm works.
But Baker, an avid cyclist, knows all too well that getting affordable multifamily housing to the finish line is always an uphill climb, especially when what the community wants is at odds with a cityâs planning and growth agendas. Baker cites developers and builders who balk at affordable housing as a market âdistortion.â He also singles out an âexhaustiveâ planning process that, in San Francisco at least, can keep approvals in limbo for as long as five years: As he once told The Architectsâ Take, âBuilding new housing should not be a multi-year journey.âÂ
âBuilding new housing should not be a multi-year journey.â
âDavid Baker
What really irks Baker are the barriers to homebuilding that, year after year, limit supply and drive up prices. Among them: inclusionary fees that developers must pay for the privilege of not having to build affordable housing on siteâfees that, in San Francisco, cost $269,000 per one-bedroom apartment and $366,000 per two-bedroom. Little wonder, he says, that developers flee toward more lucrative housing prospects.
Baker says his worldview has been shaped by two rather dark books: Jared Diamondâs Collapse and Thomas Pynchonâs Gravityâs Rainbow. Despite the somber nature of these literary influences, Baker remains a clear-eyed optimist. He has energized his 34-member firm to design more than 10,000 apartment and condo units, 6,000 of them in the affordable column, in buildings that promote an acute sense of community. The firm has been honored with more than 300 awards, including five national AIA awards.Â
Â
ALWAYS AN ARCHITECT AT HEART
Baker was born in Grand Rapids, Mich. The family moved to Tucson, Ariz., and lived in a passive-solar rammed-earth house designed by Bakerâs father, Bernard. Baker worked as a union carpenter and as an energy consultant before earning a masterâs in architecture from UC Berkeley in 1982. He says he wanted to be an architect from the age of eight, when his father gave him several books about famous architects (his favorite: Le Corbusier).
Â
Baker has not owned a car in years. He commutes to work and job sites on his custom bicycle, made by Empirical Cycles, Berkeley, Calif. The bicycle umbrella and stand are by Dutch company Senz. Photo: Anne Hamersky Media
Â
Baker got into affordable housing almost by accident. While at Berkeley, he was on a team that entered a competition to design an energy-efficient state office building with integrated housing. Through connections he made in that competition, he was introduced to Rick Holliday, founder of BRIDGE Housing, a nonprofit development agency in San Francisco. After graduating from Berkeley, Baker launched his firm and took on his first multifamily workforce housing assignment with Holliday. He recalls, somewhat whimsically, his âovernightâ success: âAfter a couple of projects, I was suddenly an expert at multifamily work.âÂ
âAfter a couple of projects, I was suddenly an expert at multifamily work.â
âDavid Baker
Baker points to the fruitful relationships that DBA has enjoyed with BRIDGE (which remains a client) and other nonprofits like Mission Housing Development Corporation and MidPen Housing.
âThese are mission-driven agencies, very smart, and the people they serve are incredibly grateful,â he says. He recalled a 70-year-old chronically homeless man who was about to move into an apartment building that DBA had designed.
Upon receiving his key, the man burst into tears, overcome with having his first key ever to a dwelling he could call his own. âThe experience can be very profound,â said Baker.
Â
LEAVING A DESIGN SIGNATURE
Over the last 35 years, Baker and his staff have left their creative imprint on the urban landscapeâfor example, as early proponents of âactivating the edgesâ by animating the ground floors of apartment buildings with retail and restaurants.
But its numerous affordable and market-rate housing projects are where DBA has made its mark. One project currently in design is 1950 Mission, a 100% affordable building which, when it opens in mid-2019, will feature 157 apartments, 20% of which will be set aside for formerly homeless families. Then thereâs the recently completed Potrero 1010, a dual-building complex of 453 units, 91 of which rent at below-market rates. It features a one-acre park, a pedestrian mews, and galleries and art spaces for the California College of the Arts.
DBAâs diverse market-rate portfolio includes the recently completed 388 Fulton, with 35 micro-studio units (320â370 sf), six one-bedrooms, and 28 two-bedrooms. Baker contends that demand for micro apartments might be more robust than some housing experts claim. He points to DBAâs own 388 Fulton condo project, whose micros âsold quite wellâ at $1,500/sf, even with no parking. The typical buyer: a young, single, professional woman.
Â
A David Baker Architects project: urban agriculture on the rooftop community garden of the Richardson Apartments, supporting homeless individuals. Photo: Bruce Damonte
Â
The Union Flats, currently under construction as part of Union Cityâs transit-oriented development, will offer 243 market-rate rentals (28 of them live-work lofts) assembled from 408 modular pods manufactured by Guerdon Enterprises. Baker thinks that while modular construction might not be âfully bakedâ (his term), âItâs getting there.â
None of these projects has podium parking. Baker, who served on the board of the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition for seven years, has long viewed parking garages in apartment complexes as inimical to creating dense, walkable communities. At 388 Fulton, you wonât find a single tenant parking space, but thereâs a bike space for every unit.
Â
IN SEARCH OF THE NEXT BIG IDEA
Baker lives with his partner of seven years, Yosh Asato, in a net-zero-energy cottage of his own design in the Mission District. The building is part of Shotwell Design Lab, a mixed-use complex that also houses StoreFrontLab, âa small space for big ideas,â where they host salons, installations, lectures, film screenings, workshops, and pop-ups. Although the cottage was designed to Passive House principles, Baker doubts most multifamily projects could meet those standards, especially the air circulation requirement of 0.5 exchanges/hour. âItâs tough to get to 1.0,â he says.
Looking ahead, Baker would like to see his firm get involved in more district-wide urban planning projects like Union City. The firm is already exploring pod-type âshared housingâ to give the fast-growing singles population a greater sense of community. âItâs kind of a roommate situation with dignity,â says Baker, with a chuckle. âItâs the middle ground between total isolation and living in a commune.â
Â
One of 408 modular pods (manufactured by Guerdon Enterprises) being installed at The Union Flats, Union City, Calif. Photo courtesy David Baker Architects
Â
Station Center Family Housing, part of the Union City TOD master plan. Photo: Bruce Damonte
Â
The flatiron profile of Potrero 1010, which provides a one-acre community park and 91 units (of 453) of affordable housing. Photo courtesy David Baker Architects
Related Stories
| Feb 27, 2013
Bronx residents get LEED Platinum public housing complex, rooftop farm
The New York City Housing Authority has opened Arbor House, a 124-unit LEED Platinum complex in the Morrisania neighborhood of the Bronx.
| Feb 25, 2013
What end-users do (and don't) know about lighting technology (infographic)
The fifth annual SYLVANIA Socket Survey from OSRAM SYLVANIA finds that consumers are adjusting to new legislation and energy-efficient lighting options, with about half saying that they plan to switch to new lighting technologies.
| Feb 25, 2013
10 U.S. cities with the best urban forests
Charlotte, Denver, and Milwaukee are among 10 U.S. cities ranked recently by the conservation organization American Forests for having quality urban forest programs.
| Feb 21, 2013
Holl videos discuss design features of Chengdu ' Porosity Block' project
Architect Steven Holl has released two short films describing the development of Sliced Porosity Block in Chengdu, China.
| Feb 21, 2013
Construction team chosen for world's tallest building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Construction team chosen for world's tallest building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| Feb 20, 2013
Group of West Coast civil engineers developing building standards for tsunamis
A group of civil engineers from around the western U.S. is developing additions to the building code to address the threat of a tsunami.
| Feb 19, 2013
Luxury multifamily project under way in Atlanta; 215 residences planned
Hines Multifamily is building @1377, a luxury complex comprising 215 "urban-style residences" in Atlanta's Brookhaven neighborhood.
| Feb 18, 2013
Top 10 kitchen and bath design trends for 2013
Gray color schemes and transitional styles are among the top trends identified by more than 300 kitchen and bath design experts surveyed by the National Kitchen & Bath Association (NKBA).
| Feb 15, 2013
Could the student housing boom lead to a bubble?
Student housing has been one of the bright spots in the multifamily construction sector in recent years. But experts say there should be cause for concern for oversupply in the market.
| Feb 13, 2013
China plans new car-free city
A new urban development near Chengdu, China, will provide new housing for ~80,000 people, surrounded by green space.